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¹ Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fak., Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü, Kahramanmaraş DOI : 10.21566/tarbitderg.280508 - The production of field crops in Turkey is generally based on dry farming system and cereal production, especially wheat and barley production have the great amounts in dry farming. The quality of soils in dry farming are poor because of intensively tillage and application of fallow-wheat/barley production system for decades. The poor soil quality reduces beneficial impacts of crop management and researches realized by spending of huge amounts of money, time and labor, and limits turning benefits into yield. In addition, the crop production, especially wheat and barley production will be under the bigger risk in future because of interaction between the poor soil quality and the drought caused by global climate changing. Therefore, fallow-wheat/barley production system and conventional tillage should be replaced by legumes-cereal production system and minimum tillage or no-till systems in dry farming. The crop management systems based on sustainable soil quality, and to be adapted to different ecological conditions of Turkey and to economic power of farmers, should be determined and widely practiced. Keywords : Fallow, wheat, barley, tillage, soil quality, yield