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¹ Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü, Isparta DOI : 10.21566/tarbitderg.281888 - In this research, populations and advanced safflower lines derived from a cross between `Dinçer 5-118` (spineless and red flower) and `Montola 2000` (spiny and yellow flower) were evaluated for seed yield, oil content, oleic or linoleic acid contents. Broad sense heritabilities from the relationship between parents (P1 and P2) and early generations (F1 and F2) were estimated for seed yield, oil content, oleic and linoleic acid contents as 55.2, 67.6, 99.4 and 99.3%, respectively. In addition, high and positive heterosis value (44.64%) was obtained from F1 progenies for seed yield. Superior 16 pure lines (F4-16, F4-23, F4-31, F4-48, F4-74, F4- 82, F4-88, F4-95, F4-103, F4-107, F4-121, F4-123, F4-129, F4-149, F4-202 and F4-231) with high seed and oil yields, high oil and oleic acid contents, low husk ratio, high 1000 seed weight and high harvest index were developed among the 64 advanced lines from F4 population derived by using pedigree method of breeding. The highest seed and oil yields (225.3 and 72.5 kg/da, respectively) from line F4-149, the highest oil content (36.70%) from line F4-123, the highest oleic acid and the lowest linoleic acid contents (79.53 and 12.46%, respectively) from line F4-107 were observed. Keywords : Safflower, cross breeding, pedigree selection, heritability, line improvement